Thursday 21 September 2017

2016 Re-Examination



 

FACULTY OF COMMERCE, ADMINISTRATION AND LAW

DEPARTMENT OF LAW

SECOND SEMESTER RE-EXAMINATIONS 2016

LPFM 402 – FORENSIC MEDICINE

 

DURATION: 3 HOURS                                                        FULL MARKS: 100

                                                                                          SUBMINIMUM:  40%

Internal Examiner

Mrs. L Ramaccio Calvino

Internal Moderator

Prof. D Iyer

External Moderator:

Dr. V Kalapdeo (District Surgeon)

 

INSTRUCTIONS:

1. Please ascertain that this paper consist of THREE pages.

2. Please clearly number the questions correctly.

3. Please answer each question on a new page.

4. Write neatly.

 

Question 1:

A human body is discovered at sea. On examination of the body a snake bite is noticed on the leg of the deceased. A branch of a tree was also found gripped in the deceased’s hand. Answer the following questions based on the aforesaid circumstances with reference to authority where applicable:-

 

    1. Considering the circumstances surrounding the death of the deceased, discuss whether the deceased’s death will be regarded as a natural or unnatural death by referring to the classifications of natural and unnatural deaths.         (15)
       
       
    2. If the deceased’s body was recovered from an aircraft disaster, how should such an aircraft accident be managed in identifying the deceased?       (15)
       

Question 2:

Discuss and differentiate between blunt and sharp force injuries.                    (20)

 

Question 3:

Mr. Apple fell of his bicycle. He knocked his head on a stone, fractured three vertebras and his femur. He underwent a neurosurgical procedure to fuse the three vertebras as well as an orthopedic procedure to repair the fractured femur. During the procedures Mr. Apple died.

3.1     If Mr. Apple survived the surgeries but complained of confusion and drowsiness 12 hours after the accident what head injury would you consider as most probable? Motivate your answer.                                                                               (20)

 

Question 4:

Discuss the non-accidental injury syndrome as well as the medico-legal problems regarding the alleged concealment of death.                                                                       (10)

 

 

Question 5:

The body of a mountain climber is discovered on Mount Kilimanjaro. Discuss how abnormally low environmental temperatures may have led to the cause of death of the mountain climber.                                                                                                (10)

 

Question 6:

A three month old baby is discovered dead in his cot. Your client instructs you that she placed her baby in the cot and the next morning she found her baby to be dead. The pathologist did not find any signs of suffocation. What is the possible cause of death under these circumstances? Motivate your answer.                                                   (10)

THE END

 

 

2016 Exam Paper



 

FACULTY OF COMMERCE, ADMINISTRATION & LAW

DEPARTMENT OF LAW

SECOND SEMESTER EXAMINATIONS – 2016

LPFM 402 – FORENSIC MEDICINE

 

DURATION: 3 HOURS                                                                       FULL MARKS: 100

                                                                                                            SUBMINIMUM: 

Internal Examiner

Mrs. L Ramaccio Calvino

Internal Moderator

Prof. D Iyer

External Moderator:

Dr. V Kalapdeo (District Surgeon)

 

INSTRUCTIONS:

1. Please ascertain that this paper consist of THREE pages.

2. Please clearly number the questions correctly.

3. Please answer each question on a new page.

4. Write neatly.

 

 

Question 1:

A human body is discovered at sea. On examination of the body a snake bite is noticed on the leg of the deceased. A branch of a tree was also found gripped in the deceased’s hand. Answer the following questions based on the aforesaid circumstances with reference to authority where applicable:-

    1. Discuss the actions that need to be taken in having a death certificate issued in respect of the deceased bearing in mind the principles of the Inquest Act 58 of 1959.                                                                                                                 (15)
       
    2. Mention and elaborate on the different postmortem artefacts that would have already taken place if it was discovered that the body was three months at sea.                                                                                                                           (20)

  

Question 2:

Mr. Apple fell of his bicycle. He knocked his head on a stone, fractured three vertebras and his femur. He underwent a neurosurgical procedure to fuse the three vertebras as well as an orthopedic procedure to repair the fractured femur. During the procedures Mr. Apple died. What complication/s may the pathologist have to consider as Mr. Apples’ cause of death? Explain the complication/s.                                                                                      (15)

 

Question 3:

A body of a gunshot victim is discovered. It appears as if the victim was shot at close range to the head. Discuss the unique appearance of a contact firearm entrance wound to the head?                                                                                                                     (20)

 

Question 4:

Mary is caught driving under the influence of alcohol. Her father instructs you to represent her during her trial. Mary is adamant that she only drank two glasses of wine. She instructs you that she weighs 65 kg. According to the pathologist report her blood-alcohol concentration is 0.10g%.  How would you confirm or refute Mary’s instructions?                                                                                                                                (15)

 

 

 

Question 5:

A girl, aged sixteen, is treated at the emergency ward after being raped. Discuss and interpret the clinical findings of the rape victim.                                                    (15)

 

THE END

 

Study Guide 2017


Description: uzcrest

 

FACULTY OF COMMERCE ADMINSTRATION & LAW

DEPARTMENT OF LAW

 

 

COURSE OUTLINE: 2017

 

 

Module Title
 
FORENSIC MEDICINE  
 
Module Code
 
LPFM 402
 
Programme in which the module is offered
LLB DEGREE
Year of offering
 
FOURTH YEAR
 
SAQA Credits
 
12 CREDITS
 
NQF level
 
LEVEL 8
 
Name of Lecturer / Lecturers
MRS L RAMACCIO CALVINO

 

                       


Date: 6 July 2017

Dear Student

Welcome to the module LPFM 402. This module is only offered in the second semester of the academic year and is an elective module for final year LLB students. LPFM 402 has no prerequisites and is a stand-alone module.  

This module forms part of public law and deals with inter alia the role of forensic medicine in the legal profession, post-mortem changes of the body, identification, traumatology, complications of trauma, head injuries, asphyxia, firearm injuries, toxicology, sexual offences and paediatric forensic pathology.

The module content is of such a nature that it introduces law students to the basic concepts and principles of forensic medicine. It is also imperative that students understand the fundamentals of forensic medicine to successfully execute their responsibilities as a legal practitioner and as such the module includes a skills component that would require a student to apply the theoretical knowledge acquired in this module to problem solving through legal thinking and analysis.     

In order to successfully complete this course, it is therefore assumed that students should:

  • Be capable of communicating competently in written and spoken English;
  • Be able to work/study independently by reading, extracting and analysing relevant information from various sources of law;
  • Access resources, especially the library and electronic resources;
  • Apply legal problem-solving techniques;
  • Follow appropriate legal referencing conventions in written work.

From a teaching perspective, this module will afford students the chance to develop their potential through participation in class discussion and individual assessment. The teaching method will therefore be interactive rather than lecturer-focused.

As future lawyers/magistrates/advocates or judges, LLB students will at all times be expected to act in an accountable and ethical manner. LLB students are accordingly expected to familiarise themselves with the student disciplinary code of the University of Zululand and act with the necessary decorum that can be expected from a law student. The department will under no circumstances tolerate copying or plagiarism. Students are furthermore expected to attend classes on time, attend tutorial classes, and submit work timeously. In the event of a student not writing an assessment or submitting an assignment on a specific date, a student must submit a doctor’s letter or death notice which will be considered in affording the student an alternative test or form of assessment. Best of luck with your studies!

TABLE OF CONTENTS

                                                                                                              Page

 

  1. DEFINITION OF TERMS                                                                         4
  2. MODULE PURPOSE                                                                               5
  3. GENERIC OUTCOMES                                                                           5
    4.  SPECIFIC OUTCOMES                                                                      5
  4. TOPICS WITH SCHEDULING                                                                   6
  5. NOTIONAL HOURS                                                                      11
  6. CONSULTATION TIMES                                                                         12
  7. MODE OF DELIVERY                                                                             12
  8. ASSESSMENT PROCEDURES                                                                12
  9. ASSESSMENT CRITERIA                                                                       17
  10. PRESCRIBED READINGS AND RECOMMENDED READINGS                  18
  11. MATERIALS NEEDED FOR THE MODULE                                              18
  12. ANNEXURE”A”                                                                                        19

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1. DEFINITION OF TERMS

COURSE OUTLINE/SCHEME OF WORK/MODULE OUTLINE: Course/Module outline/Schemes of work represent a contract between the lecturer and student stipulating the requirements for each course: its aims, learning outcomes, course requirements and assessment.

LEARNER/STUDY GUIDE: A learner/study guide helps in organising lecture notes and textbook material so that students can increase their comprehension and memory of large amounts of information. Specific outcomes on topics covered, the summary of content, as well as revision questions are included.

TUTORIAL: A tutorial is an interactive method of transferring knowledge in the learning process. A tutorial seeks to teach by example and supply the information to complete a certain task.

PRACTICAL: A practical is a lesson in which theories and procedures learned are applied to the actual making or doing of something.

FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT: The goal of formative assessment is develop and monitor student learning to provide ongoing feedback that can be used by lecturers to improve their teaching and by students to improve their learning.

SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT: The goal of summative assessment is to evaluate student learning at the end of an instructional unit by comparing it against some standard or benchmark.

GENERIC OUTCOMES: These are critical cross-field outcomes that inform all teaching and learning as stipulated by SAQA Regulations. 

Each module should enable students to:

  • work effectively as individuals and with others as members of a team;
  • organise and manage themselves and their activities responsibly and effectively;
  • identify and solve problems and make decisions using critical and creative thinking;
  • collect, analyse, organise and critically evaluate information;
  • communicate effectively using visual, symbolic and/or language skills in various modes;
  • use science and technology effectively and critically showing responsibility towards the environment and the health of others; and
  • Demonstrate an understanding of the world as a set of related systems by recognising that problem solving contexts do not exist in isolation.

SPECIFIC/MODULE OUTCOMES: Learning outcomes are statements of what students will learn in a lecture. Each lecture has its specific outcomes. The statements are focused on student learning.

 

2.       MODULE PURPOSE

The purpose of this module is to equip students with a sound knowledge of and insight into the most important aspects of forensic medicine.  

 

Therefore the purpose of the module is:

  • To provide students with an insight into the content, development and scope of Forensic Medicine;
  • To familiarise students with the important medical terms in order to acquire a basic medical vocabulary;
  • To introduce students to the legal principles and aspects that plays a role in current South African law and in our courts in a practical everyday context;
  • To examine the influence and impact that the Inquest Act 58 of 1959 has on the classification and procedures in respect of natural and unnatural deaths;
  • To introduce students to the sources of Forensic Medicine and to assist students in extracting principles from these sources;
  • To assist students with the legal concepts and terminology commonly encountered in Forensic Medicine.
     

 

3.       GENERIC OUTCOMES

 

It is intended that students will be able to:

  • Organise and manage themselves effectively;
  • Collect, understand and analyse information from various sources of law, in addition to information conveyed in the lecture room;
  • Recognise problem-solving contexts involving Forensic Medicine;
  • Identify and solve problems;
  • Communicate effectively, both in class and through written work;
  • Develop independent research skills, including the use of technology for legal research.
     

 

4.       SPECIFIC OUTCOMES

 

It is intended that by the end of the course, students will be able to:

  • Identify and understand the role of selected aspects of forensic medicine in current South African law and in our courts in a practical everyday context;
  • Demonstrate an understanding of the practical implications of the medico-legal findings and reports upon which testimony is regularly based in our courts;
  • Apply selected principles of forensic medicine in practical situations, and solve multidimensional practical problems associated with the role played by expert evidence given by forensic pathologists in our courts; 
  • Apply the knowledge gained during the course to solve practical problems arising from personality rights.

 

 

 

5.       TOPICS WITH SCHEDULING

 
Module
 
Scheduled
date
Week
Module
Activity/Reading
 
1

Learning outcome:
  • Discuss the role of forensic medicine in the legal profession;
  • Differentiate between natural and unnatural deaths;
  • Mention and discuss the different classifications of unnatural deaths
  • Define and discuss primary cause of death;
  • Discuss the Inquest Act and the principles relating to inquests.
Recommended Readings:
  • Joyner K Aspects of Forensic Medicine: An introduction for Health Care Professionals (Juta: Claremont) 2010.
  • Adams JH & Graham DI. 1988. An introduction to neuropathology London: Churchill Livingstone.
  • Camps FE. Robinson AE & Lucas BGB (Eds) Gradwohl’s legal medicine 3rd edition Briston: Wright.
  • Dada MA & McQuoid-Mason DJ. 2001. Introduction to medico-legal practice Durban: Butterworths.
  • Gordon I Shapiro HA & Berson SD. 1988. Forensic medicine: a guide to principles 3rd edition New York: Churchill Livingstone.
  • Kerr DJA. 1957. Forensic medicine 6th edition London: A and C Black.
  • Knight B. 1996. Forensic pathology 2nd edition London: Edward Arnold.
  • Knight B. 1987. Legal aspects of medical practice 4th edition London: Churchill Livingstone.
  • Mason JK. 1983. Forensic medicine for lawyers’ 2nd edition London: Butterworths.
  • Natural and non-natural death South African Journal of Continuing Medical Education 4 11: 13–17.
  • Smith LS. 1986. The inquest as it relates to medical practice South African Journal of Continuing Medical Education 4 11: 7–12.
 
 
 
Chapter 1, 3, 21, 23
 
2

Learning outcome:
  • Have a basic understanding of the anatomy and the physiology of the human body.
 
Chapter 2
 
3

Learning outcome:
  • Discuss the concept of  somatic, cellular and brain death;
  • Discuss post mortem changes of the human body;
  • Discuss the different post-mortem artefacts and the conditions they may resemble.
Recommended Readings:
  • Nel JP. 1986. Sudden death South African Journal of Continuing Medical Education 4 11: 56.
  • Schleyer F. 1963. Determination of the time of death in the early post-mortem interval, in Methods of forensic science vol 2 edited by F Lindquist London: 1986.
Chapter 22
 
4

Learning outcome:
  • Discuss circumstances that may make identification difficult;
  • Discuss the basic identification principles;
  • Discuss mass disaster identification management;
  • Discuss the identification of the skeleton.
Recommended Readings:
  • Merz B. 1988. DNA fingerprints come to court Journal of the American Medical Association 259 15: 2193–2194.
Chapter 24, 25,26
 
5

Learning outcome:
  • Explain different types of human trauma;
  •  Discuss factors that may influence the appearance of a wound;
  • Discuss blunt and sharp force injuries and differentiate between the different types of such injuries.
Recommended Readings:
  • Raekallio J. 1980. Estimation of time in forensic biology and pathology American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology 1 3: 213–218.
Chapter 10,14
 
6

Learning outcome:
  • Explain shock as a final mechanism in causing death;
  • Discuss and differentiate between the different types of embolisms and the circumstances in which they occur;
  • Explain how pneumothorax is a common complication in a trauma unit.
Recommended Readings:
  • Clark SL, Hankins GDV Donals A et al. 1995 Amniotic fluid embolism: Analysis of the national registry. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 172:1158–1169.
  • Palmon SC, Moore LE, Lundberg J & Toung T. 1997. Venous air embolism: A review J Clinical Anesthesia 9:251–257.
Chapter 10
 
7

Study Unit 7: Head Injuries 
Learning outcome:
  • Classify head injuries and discuss the important aspects regarding injuries to the skull;
  • Discuss traumatic intracranial haemorrhages as well as the classification of each type of haemorrhage;
  • Discuss the importance of herniation;
  • Discuss the major two causes of brain swelling and the cause of same.
Recommended Readings:
  • Bunge WHE. 1986. Neck injuries South African Journal of Continuing Medical Education 4–12: 4043.
  • Dada MA & Loftus IAJ. 1992. Stab wounds of the head: an autopsy study, presented at the 30th Annual Congress of the Federation of South African Societies of Pathology in Cape Town, July 1990.
  • Hobbs CJ. 1985. ABC of head injuries British Medical Journal 292: 1169–1170.
 
Chapter 10
 
8

Learning Outcome:
  • Understand the causes of asphyxia and the classical signs of asphyxia;
  • Discuss death by suffocation, smothering, aspiration and restriction of respiratory movement;
  • Discuss the possible causes of death in bodies retrieved from water.
Recommended Readings:
  • Davis S & Smith LS. 1982. Alcohol and drowning in Cape Town South African Medical Journal 62: 931–933.
  • Davis S & Smith LS. 1985. The epidemiology of drowning in Cape Town.19801983. South African Medical Journal 68: 739–742.
  • Reay DT & Eisele JW. 1982. Death from law enforcement neck holds American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology 3 3: 252–258.
Chapter 11
 
9

Learning outcome:
  • Have knowledge of ballistics and discuss wound ballistics;
  • Classy firearms based on the barrel of the firearm, the way the firearm is handed and the type of projectile fired;
  • Discuss the different entrance wounds of different firearms;
  • Discuss firearm exit wounds.
Recommended Readings:
  • Al-Alousi LM. 1990. Automatic rifle injuries: suicide by eight bullets American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology 11 4: 275–281.
  • Adelson L. 1961. A microscopic study of dermal gunshot wounds American Journal of Clinical Pathology 55 5: 393–402.
  • Dada MA Loftus IAJ & Rutherfoord GS Shotgun bullet embolism to the brain The American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology 14 1: 58–60.
  • Fackler ML. 1988. Wound ballistics Journal of the American Medical Association 259 18: 2730–2736.
 
Chapter 13
 
10
Learning outcome:
  • Discuss deaths caused by abnormal temperature;
  • Discuss deaths caused by electricity;
  • Discuss deaths caused by change in atmospheric pressure.
Recommended Readings:
  • Evans TJ & Krausz T 1994. Pathogenesis and pathology of shock Recent Advances in Histopathology 16 London: Churchill Livingstone 21–47.
  • Tedeschi CG, Eckert W & Tedeschi L. 1977. Forensic medicine: a study in trauma and environmental hazards vol 13 Philadelphia: Saunders.
 
Chapter 12
 
11

Learning outcome:
  • Discuss the principles of toxicology;
  • Discuss carbon-monoxide poising;
  • Discuss acute alcohol intoxication.
Recommended Readings:
  • Alha AR. 1951. Blood alcohol and clinical inebriation in Finish men: a medicolegal study Helsinki: Suomalainen Tiedeakatemia.
  • Beard RR & Wertheim GA. 1967. Behavioural impairment associated with small doses of carbon monoxide American Journal of Public Health 57: 2016.
  • Berkow R (Ed). 1992 Merck manual 16th edition Merck Research Laboratories.
  • Bloch CE. 1987. Wound cover South African Journal of Continuing Medical Education 5 (no 8): 23–29.
  • Cooper WE Schwa¨r TG & Smith LS. 1979. Alcohol, drugs and road traffic Cape Town: Juta.
  • Council on Scientific Affairs. 1986. Alcohol and the driver Journal of the American Medical Association 225: 522–527.
  • Curry AS 1972. Advances in forensic and clinical toxicology Cleveland: CRC Press.
  • Jetter WW. 1938. Studies in alcohol: diagnosis of acute alcoholic intoxication by correlation of clinical and chemical findings American Journal of Medical Science 196: 481.
  • Gonzales T Vance M Helpern M & Umberger CJ 1954. Legal medicine, pathology and toxicology 2nd edition East Norwalk: Appleton-Century-Crofts.
  • Hill IR. 1986. Toxicological findings in fatal aircraft accidents in the United Kingdom American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology 7 4: 322–326.
  • Smith LS. 1981. Alcohol and violent death. Paper read at the conference ‘‘Alcohol in perspective’’, held by the Department of Health in Pretoria.
 
Chapter 17, 18
 
12 & 13

Study Unit 12: Pregnancy Associated Deaths and Paediatric forensic pathology 
Learning outcome :
  • Differentiate between spontaneous vs induced abortion;
  • Discuss other causes of maternal death during pregnancy;
  • Discuss the different stages in the development of a foetus;
  • Discuss the non-accidental injury syndrome as well as the medico-legal problems regarding the alleged concealment of death;
  •  Discuss unexpected deaths in babies.
Recommended Readings:
  • Currie JRB. 1970. Psychiatric assessment of the battered child syndrome South African Medical Journal 44: 635.
  • Heins M. 1984. The battered child revisited Journal of the American Medical Association 251 24: 32–95.
  • Sinclair-Smith CC & Kibel MA. 1986. Sudden infant death South African Journal of Continuing Medical Education 4 12: 13–17.
  • Toner PG & Crane J. 1994. Pathology of death in pregnancy Recent Advances in Histopathology 16 London: Churchill Livingstone 189–211.
 
Chapter 4, 5,15
 
14

Study Unit 14: Sexual Offences 
Learning outcome :
  • Interpret the clinical findings of a rape victim.
Recommended Readings:
  • Camps FE. 1966. Blood grouping in disputed maternity Medicine, Science and the Law 6 2:122.
  • Glaister J & Brash JC. 1937. Medico-legal aspects of the Ruxton case 48 Edinburgh E & S Livingstone.
  • Gordon J and Drennan MR. 1948. Medico-legal aspects of the Wolkersdorfer case S Afr Med J 22, 543–549.
 
Chapter 16
 
10.
Examination
Study Units 1-14
As per the Examination Schedule

 

 

6.       NOTIONAL HOURS

‘Notional learning hours’ are the estimated learning time taken by the ‘average’ student to achieve the specified learning outcomes of the module. Notional learning time includes teaching contact time (lectures, seminars, tutorials, laboratory practicals, workshops, fieldwork etc.), time spent on preparing and carrying out formative and summative assessments (written coursework, oral presentations, exams etc.) and time spent on private study, whether in term-time or the vacations.

 

It is expected that a student will, on average, spend 120 hours to achieve the specified learning outcomes in respect of LPFM 402.   

 

Total teaching weeks in semester = 12 (12 teaching weeks x 10 hours)

 

Teaching Contact time

- Three lectures plus 5 hours associated working time a week                     96 hours

- Seminar/Autopsies (1 hours)                                                                      1 hours 

Time carrying out assessments

- Preparing for Formative Assessments (1hour x2)                                        2 hours

- Preparing for Summative Assessments (3 hours x 1)                                            3 hours

Self-Study

- Preparation for lecturers (30 min per lecture)                                            18 hours

 

7.       CONSULTATION TIMES

Difficulties experienced in respect of this module or queries relating to assessments/assignments may be discussed with me during consulting hours. I can be consulted during the consulting hours as displayed on my office door, room 309, Block D 3rd Floor. In case of an emergency I may be contacted at 035-9026335. Please adhere to the consultation hours!

 

8.       MODE OF DELIVERY

 

The course is taught by Mrs L Ramaccio Calvino. It has been divided into specific topics which will be covered in the form of viva voce lectures. These lectures will comprise of a discussion of the law as contained in textbooks and legislation.

 

Students are expected to read ahead of the next lecture so that they may participate in the lecture and solve legal problems either individually or in groups. There is no comprehensive handout for the course and as such, students will be expected to take their own notes during lectures and to supplement these notes with readings provided in the course outline. It is expected that students assume responsibility for their own learning by independent study according to the guidance provided by the detailed course outline. Feedback for assignments and assessments will be given during class.

 

9.       ASSESSMENT PROCEDURES

It is the responsibility of the student to ensure that he/she is registered for the correct module prior to the date of the first assessment. Only registered students’ scripts will be marked and the mark captured.

Students will be assessed by way of formative and or substantive assessments.

Students will be required to write a formative assessments by way of an assessment as well as either a formative or summative assessment by way of an assessment or assignment. The final mark will be computed by the semester mark and the end-of-semester examination mark. The aforesaid marks will each weigh 50% towards the final mark. The assessments may consist of the following assessment methods:-

Multiple Choice Questions
Select the correct answers
Short Answer Questions
Short, usually descriptive, qualitative, answers of between one words to over a page. Might include diagrams with explanation
Essays
Written work in which students state an argument supported by evidence

 

A minimum semester mark of 40% will be a pre-requirement for being allowed to write the final examination

The final examination will count towards the other 50% of the final module mark.

A student that obtains a mark of 40-49% should be entitled to a re-assessment examination. It is the student’s responsibility to ascertain from administration whether he/she qualifies for a re-assessment examination. Students that did not write the final examination due to a death in the family or illness need to apply at administration to write an aegrotat examination. The re-assessment and aegrotat examinations will be written shortly after the conclusion of the examination period for that academic year. Students that do not write the aforesaid examination will forfeit the opportunity to re-assess the module.

All assignments must be done by using Arial as a font, 12 point font, 1.5 line spacing. Sizes of pages and margins can be communicated to the student by the lecturer. Use the university approved assignment cover page. A copy of the assignment cover sheet is annexed hereto as Annexure “A”.

STUDYING AIDS

In studying this course you should also focus upon the learning objectives specified at the commencement of each module in the study book. They form the basis for your readings and revision of each topic.

Tutorials

Tutorials are mandatory for this module. At the beginning of the semester the registered students for the module will be divided into tutorial groups. Each group will be appointed a tutor, whom will keep a register of each tutorial class. During tutorials tutorial questions will be discussed and revision will be done to assist students in understanding the module content. As indicated before, tutorial questions may also be marked and such marks may be used in calculating the semester mark. Please use tutorials professionally and with the intention of increasing your knowledge of the subject matter. Tutorials will be delivered in accordance with each tutor’s tutorial slots.

Examination techniques


The formal examination requires you to demonstrate your learning to the lecturer. If you have followed these suggestions about studying, you will be well on your way to success. Here are a few additional points to help you with your exams.

Preparing for examinations

It is a good idea to begin revising the semesters materials at least two or three weeks before the examination. That way, you have time to put in a bit of extra effort on areas you are not quite certain of. Here are some extra points to help you.

  • Revise your notes.

Go over the notes you have made for yourself during your study. Make sure that you see the relationship between the key points that you have written down, and the related details.

  • Get together.

If possible, get together with others studying the same course. Discuss each point. Quiz each other.

  • Review past examination papers.

You can use same as a trial run to get an idea of working within a strict time limit. Past examination papers may give you an idea of the kind of questions that might be asked. But dont place too much emphasis on them as lecturer can ask different styles of questions.

  • Review assignments.

Go over previous assessments / assignments. If you didnt do well, look at the lecturers comments/feedback to find out where you went wrong.

  • Get to bed in good time.

Dont stay up revising all of the night before the exam. Get a good nights sleep so that you are alert and at your best. And dont skimp on meals before the exam. Mental exertion is just as dependent on a healthy body as is physical exertion.

  • Confirm examination mode.

Come prepared with all necessary equipment.

  • Be committed.

Try to build your study plan around fixed time commitments the time that you must give to your essential daily activities such as family, eating and sleeping, recreation and leisure.

  • Be realistic

Try to be realistic in planning your study time. You will probably have to give up some of the things you do to make time for study. On the other hand, most people need recreation, and find it easier to stick to a schedule if they specifically include time for sport, leisure, or other relaxation.

  • Study every day

Study is easier if you spread the work out, rather than trying to cram it all into one or two days. Also, research has shown that you learn better and remember more if you spread out your studying.

  • Your concentration span

 Most people find that it is difficult to concentrate for long periods. If you must study for a long period of time, be sure to take a break every hour for a few minutes.

  • Your study timetable

Find out what time of day you study best. Some people are most alert early in the morning, some in the afternoon and others late at night. For example, if you are a morning person, try to schedule an hour or two of study in the early morning before you go to work, or before the rest of the family is out of bed.

  • Set realistic goals

But set goals! Before you begin a study period, decide what it is you intend to accomplish. It may be to summarise one chapter, to write two pages of an essay. And give yourself a pat on the back when you have completed your assigned task.

  • Set good habits

Get in the habit of beginning work as soon as you sit at your study table. Do not use part of your study time for other things, such as straightening your room or alphabetising your books.

  • Review your work
    At the end of each study period, review the work that you have done, and if necessary modify your study plan. At the end of each week, plan your timetable for the week ahead.
  • Study Strategies

Studying refers to all that you do in order to learn something. Here are some suggestions to help you study effectively.

  • Be active

Be actively involved with the things that you are trying to learn. For example, write key points in your own words. Try to relate your study to your own experience, whether it be at home, or elsewhere.

  • Avoid compartmentalisation

Try to see the relationships among different modules in a course, and different courses in your program. The more you seek for and find connections among the things that you study, the more sense they will make and the easier they will be to remember.

  • Use memory aids: List the major points in each module of a study book or chapter of a textbook. These major points from the framework of the course. If you understand the framework, you will find it easier to remember the details. Some students write important points on cards and go through them from time to time. Others write a detailed outline and pin it up on a wall by their study table. Such visible reminders are a simple and efficient way to help you memorise basic facts.
    • Form study groups: Form a study group with other students. Ask for help or to get a fresh point of view. You will find that trying to explain something to another person is one of the very best ways to learn it yourself.

 

In your examination


  • Time planning

Just as you plan how you will use your weekly study time, so too should you plan your time in the examination. Here are some guidelines on how to use your time effectively in your examination.

  • Try to leave yourself sufficient time at the end of the examination to check over your work and make any last-minute corrections.
  • If all questions have equal weight, plan to take about the same amount of time with each one. If the questions have unequal weighting, spend more time on those questions with many marks, and less time on the ones with fewer marks.
  • In multiple choice questions, dont spend too much time on questions you cant answer easily or quickly. Go ahead and answer the others first, leaving yourself sufficient time to return to those that you are unsure of.

Hints on answering questions

  • Write legibly. Even with the best will in the world, a marker cannot give you credit if the writing cannot be read.
  • In answering essay questions, make certain that your essay is well organised and grammatically correct. It will pay dividends to spend a few minutes planning your essay before you begin writing.
  • Make sure that you answer the question asked. Underline the key words in the question, and underline the verb. This will help you to focus on the essence of the question.

 

10.     ASSESSMENT CRITERIA

 

 

Specific Outcomes
Assessment Criteria
Assessment Tasks
 
Students are expected to
develop:
 
Students must provide
evidence of competency in
the following ways:
Students may be expected
to:
1. Show an in-depth
understanding of the content, development and scope of Forensic Medicine.
 
Identify, explain and
critically analyse the
content, development and scope of Forensic medicine.
Class discussion and questioning.
Problem and theory questions in class work and examination.
2. Understand legal concepts and terminology commonly encountered in Forensic Medicine.
Identify the key
medical terms used in Forensic Medicine.
Explain the key medical terms.
 
Class discussion and questioning.
Problem and theory questions in class work and examination.
3. Explain legal principles and aspects that plays a role in current South African law and in our courts in a practical everyday context.
 
Identify and find relevant
texts, judicial decisions,
journal writings and other
resources relevant to the
Forensic Medicine.
 
Class discussion and questioning.
Problem and theory questions in class work and examination.
4. Evaluate the sources of Forensic Medicine and explain the impact that the Inquest Act 58 of 1959 has on the classification of natural and unnatural deaths.
Identify the role the Inquest Act plays in Forensic Medicine.
Analyse current judicial influences and the impact thereof on Forensic Medicine.
Class discussion and questioning.
Problem and theory questions in class work and examination.
5. Apply the knowledge gained during the course to solve practical problems arising from personality rights.
Synthesise and integrate the knowledge gained in order to propose practical solutions to problems associated with the Law of Persons, and advise accordingly.
Class discussion and questioning.
Problem and theory questions in class work and examination.

 

 

           

11.     PRESCRIBED READINGS, AND ADDITIONAL (RECOMMENED) READINGS

The following books are the prescribed books for this module:-

 

  • Dada MA & McQuoid-Mason DJ Introduction to Medico-Legal Practice (2001), 1st edition, LexisNexis Butterworths is the prescribed text book for this module.

 

Much of the terminology used in the study guide will be new to most of you at first. We have tried to avoid using too many technical terms, and to explain those we do use in a simple manner. We advise you, however, to memorise the more important medical terms in order to acquire a basic medical vocabulary.  There are two publications that you will find very useful for your studies, namely

 

  • WAN Dorland’s Illustrated Medical Dictionary (2003) (now in its 30th edition) and
  • WM Levitt’s Short Encyclopaedia of Medicine for Lawyers (1966).

 

The following books may be consulted for additional reading to further your knowledge of the subject matter:

 

Additional readings:

Joyner K Aspects of Forensic Medicine: An introduction for Health Care Professionals (Juta: Claremont) 2010.

Kely TF Forensic Evidence Science and the Criminal Law (Taylor and Francis: New York) 2nd Ed, 2006.

 

12.     MATERIALS NEEDED FOR THE MODULE

Except for the obvious stationery, this module does not require any additional materials.

 

Annexure “A”

 

Description: uzcrest

 

FACULTY OF --------------------------------------------------------------

DEPARTMENT OF--------------------------------------------------------

 

ASSIGNMENT COVER SHEET

Student Name
 
 
Student Number
 
 
Module Title
 
 
 
Module Code
 
 
 
Assignment Topic
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Due Date
 
 
 
Name of Lecturer
 
 
Lecturer’s Remarks